Everything about Legio Xviii totally explained
Legio XVIII was a
Roman legion levied by
Augustus around
41 BC. The legion was, along with two others, destroyed in the
Battle of Teutoburg Forest (
September 9,
9). The legion's symbol and
cognomen are unknown.
This legion was probably created to deal with
Sextus Pompeius, the last opponent of the
second triumvirate, garrisoned in Sicily and threatening
Rome's grain supply. It was probably one of the eight legions Augustus promised
Mark Antony for his campaign against the Parthians, but never delivered.
Following the defeat of Antony and
Cleopatra in the
battle of Actium (
31 BC), the legion was stationed in
Gaul. In the end of the
1st century BC, the XVIIIth was sent to the
Germania provinces in the Rhine to take part in the enormous army led by
Drusus,
Tiberius and
Germanicus. In
5, the provinces were pacified and
Publius Quinctilius Varus was assigned governor.
In September
9,
Arminius, leader of the
Cheruscan allies, reported a rebellion in the Rhine area. Without suspecting the information received, Varus took his three legions, the XVIII along with
XVII and
XIX, and headed west. On
September 9, near modern
Osnabrück, the
Cheruscii led by Arminius ambushed the governor's army. All three legions were destroyed in what is known as the
battle of Teutonburg Forest and their
eagle standards lost.
Later,
Germanicus sent an expedition to the place and recovered the eagles for Rome.
After their destruction, the Romans never used the three legion numbers (17, 18, 19) again.
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